![]() A process controlled at a level of six sigma (6σ) is a process whose variability is controlled in such a manner that it produces an out-of-specification output (defect) twice in 1 billion opportunities. Why do we need to measure sigma in the first place? All processes exhibit variability over time and all measurements taken on samples of the process output are subject to additional variability simply due to the fact of sampling. A process sigma calculator is applicable in all of these scenarios, and more. A service desk may monitor performance of servicing customers by checking the length of interactions, the number of interactions required to resolve an issue, and customer feedback. For example, a production line for steel sheets coated with Polyvinyl chloride may control the width, length, and thickness of the sheets, as well as the thickness, color, and uniformity of the PVC coating. A process is usually controlled for several specifications. In industrial control of production quality and in project management in general where a process of any kind needs to be controlled for quality, the quality is assured by taking measurements on samples from the output of the process and comparing them to a specification. Entering defects, number of units and number of opportunities per unit (the number of specifications that need to be controlled for quality for each unit, defect opportunities per unit) results in the full output of the calculator, including DPM, percentage of defect units, and rolled throughput yield on top of the outputs covered so far. Entering the number of defects and total opportunities for a defect to occur outputs the control level (sigma), yield, percent defects and DPMO. The minimum required input is DPMO in which case the six sigma calculator (not to be confused with a sigma notation calculator!) outputs the corresponding sigma level, standard yield and percent defects. ![]()
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